ARCHIVES
Year 2026 · Volume 5 · Issue 2
Original Article
Skill Gaze: A Comprehensive Edge-Computing Framework for Privacy-Preserving AI Proctoring and Predictive Learning Analytics
Rabikanta Moirangthem1
Akhila S Babu2
1 2 School of Science and Computer Studies, CMR University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Published Online: May-August 2026
Pages: 1048-1053
Cite this article
No DOIReferences
1. Z. S. Bojkovic, B. M. Bakmaz, and M. R. Bakmaz, “Security and privacy issues in online distance learning environments,” in 2020 28th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR). IEEE, 2020.
2. C. Lugaresi, J. Tang, H. Nash, C. McClanahan, E. Uboweja, M. Hays, and M. Grundmann, “MediaPipe: A framework for building perception pipelines,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.08172, 2019.
3. D. Smilkov, N. Thorat, S. Bileschi, H. Ruiz, J. Wexler, and F. B. Viégas, “TensorFlow.js: Machine learning for the web and beyond,” in Proceedings of the 2nd SysML Conference, 2019.
4. J. Hussein, J. Yusuf, A. S. Deb, L. Fong, and S. Naidu, “An evaluation of online proctoring tools,” Open Praxis, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 509–525, 2020.
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6. T.-Y. Lin, M. Maire, S. Belongie, J. Hays, P. Perona, D. Ramanan, and C. L. Zitnick, “Microsoft COCO: Common objects in context,” in European Conference on Computer Vision. Springer, 2014, pp. 740–755.
7. S. Rose, O. Borchert, S. Mitchell, and S. Connelly, “Zero Trust Architecture,” NIST Special Publication 800-207, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2020.
8. M. A. Khan, M. A. Khan, and M. M. Khan, “TCM: Temporal Consistency Model for Head Detection in Complex Videos,” Journal of Sensors, 2020, Art. no. 8861296.
9. G. R. Cluskey Jr, C. R. Ehlen, and M. H. Raiborn, “Thwarting online exam cheating without proctor supervision,” Journal of Academic and Business Ethics, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2011.
10. M. Foti and M. Vavalis, “Blockchain based certificate management in e-learning platforms,” in 2019 10th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications (IISA). IEEE, 2019, pp. 1–4.
11. J. Zhou, H. Shen, Z. Lin, Z. Cao, and X. Dong, “Research advances on privacy preserving in edge computing,” Journal of Computer Research and Development, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 2027–2051, 2020.
12. W. Shi, J. Cao, Q. Zhang, Y. Li, and L. Xu, “Edge computing: Vision and challenges,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 637–646, 2016.
13. C. M. Novac, O. C. Novac, R. M. Sferle, M. I. Gordan, G. Bujdosó, and C. M. Dindelegan, “Comparative study of some applications made in the Vue.js and React.js frameworks,” in 2021 16th International Conference on Engineering of Modern Electric Systems (EMES), 2021 , pp. 1–4.
14. S. Tilkov and S. Vinoski, “Node.js: Using JavaScript to build high-performance network programs,” IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 80–83, 2010.
15. K. Chodorow, MongoDB: The Definitive Guide. O’Reilly Media, Inc., 2013.
16. M. Jones, J. Bradley, and N. Sakimura, “JSON Web Token (JWT),” RFC 7519, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 2015.
17. I. Grigorik, High Performance Browser Networking. O’Reilly Media, Inc., 2013.
18. A. B. Johnston, “WebRTC: APIs and RTCWEB protocols of the HTML5 era,” Digital Communications and Networks, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1–9, 2012.
19. P. Dawson, Defending Assessment Security in a Digital World: Preventing E-Cheating and Supporting Academic Integrity in Higher Education. Routledge, 2021.
20. T. Chen and C. Guestrin, “XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System,” in Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 2016.
2. C. Lugaresi, J. Tang, H. Nash, C. McClanahan, E. Uboweja, M. Hays, and M. Grundmann, “MediaPipe: A framework for building perception pipelines,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.08172, 2019.
3. D. Smilkov, N. Thorat, S. Bileschi, H. Ruiz, J. Wexler, and F. B. Viégas, “TensorFlow.js: Machine learning for the web and beyond,” in Proceedings of the 2nd SysML Conference, 2019.
4. J. Hussein, J. Yusuf, A. S. Deb, L. Fong, and S. Naidu, “An evaluation of online proctoring tools,” Open Praxis, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 509–525, 2020.
5. D. Woldeab and T. Brothen, “Video surveillance of online exam proctoring: Exam anxiety and student performance,” International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education, vol. 36, no. 1, 2021.
6. T.-Y. Lin, M. Maire, S. Belongie, J. Hays, P. Perona, D. Ramanan, and C. L. Zitnick, “Microsoft COCO: Common objects in context,” in European Conference on Computer Vision. Springer, 2014, pp. 740–755.
7. S. Rose, O. Borchert, S. Mitchell, and S. Connelly, “Zero Trust Architecture,” NIST Special Publication 800-207, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2020.
8. M. A. Khan, M. A. Khan, and M. M. Khan, “TCM: Temporal Consistency Model for Head Detection in Complex Videos,” Journal of Sensors, 2020, Art. no. 8861296.
9. G. R. Cluskey Jr, C. R. Ehlen, and M. H. Raiborn, “Thwarting online exam cheating without proctor supervision,” Journal of Academic and Business Ethics, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2011.
10. M. Foti and M. Vavalis, “Blockchain based certificate management in e-learning platforms,” in 2019 10th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications (IISA). IEEE, 2019, pp. 1–4.
11. J. Zhou, H. Shen, Z. Lin, Z. Cao, and X. Dong, “Research advances on privacy preserving in edge computing,” Journal of Computer Research and Development, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 2027–2051, 2020.
12. W. Shi, J. Cao, Q. Zhang, Y. Li, and L. Xu, “Edge computing: Vision and challenges,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 637–646, 2016.
13. C. M. Novac, O. C. Novac, R. M. Sferle, M. I. Gordan, G. Bujdosó, and C. M. Dindelegan, “Comparative study of some applications made in the Vue.js and React.js frameworks,” in 2021 16th International Conference on Engineering of Modern Electric Systems (EMES), 2021 , pp. 1–4.
14. S. Tilkov and S. Vinoski, “Node.js: Using JavaScript to build high-performance network programs,” IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 80–83, 2010.
15. K. Chodorow, MongoDB: The Definitive Guide. O’Reilly Media, Inc., 2013.
16. M. Jones, J. Bradley, and N. Sakimura, “JSON Web Token (JWT),” RFC 7519, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 2015.
17. I. Grigorik, High Performance Browser Networking. O’Reilly Media, Inc., 2013.
18. A. B. Johnston, “WebRTC: APIs and RTCWEB protocols of the HTML5 era,” Digital Communications and Networks, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1–9, 2012.
19. P. Dawson, Defending Assessment Security in a Digital World: Preventing E-Cheating and Supporting Academic Integrity in Higher Education. Routledge, 2021.
20. T. Chen and C. Guestrin, “XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System,” in Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 2016.
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