Current - Issue
Year 2026 · Volume 5 · Issue 3
Original Article
Artificial Intelligence in Precision Oncology Clinical Applications, Translational Challenges, and Future Directions
Abhishek Goil1
Nripesh Kumar Nrip2
1 Department of Healthcare Innovations & Technology, Hedexco, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh (Greater Noida region). India. 2 Department of Computer Applications, Bharti Vidyapeeth Institute of Management and Research, New Delhi, India.
Published Online: September-December 2026
Pages: 132-140
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/indjcst.20260503017
References
1. World Health Organization. Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health: WHO Guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
2. World Health Organization. Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health: Guidance on Large Multi-Modal Models. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024.
3. Machine Learning and AI for Cancer Research and Care: Applications Across Early Detection, Classification, Molecular Subtyping, and Computational Pathology. Cancer Cell International. 2026;26(1):114–132.
4. Artificial Intelligence for Precision Oncology: From High-Throughput Molecular Profiling to Prospective Clinical Translation. Oncogene & Precision Medicine. 2026;18(3):201–219.
5. Multi-Omics Data Integration via Deep Neural Frameworks in Precision Oncology: Genomics, Epigenomics, and Proteomics. Nature Reviews Cancer Systems. 2025;7(2):89–105.
6. Exploiting Multimodal Artificial Intelligence in Precision Oncology: Synthesizing Imaging, Genetics, and Clinical Trajectories. Lancet Digital Health. 2025;7(4):e289–e301.
7. Multimodal Machine Learning in Cancer Immunotherapy: Overcoming Limitations of PD-L1 and TMB Biomarkers. Journal of Clinical Oncology Precision Oncology. 2026;10(1):e250011.
Clinical Validation Frameworks for Whole-Slide Digital Pathology Artificial Intelligence: Diagnostic Concordance and Cross-Platform Standardization. Laboratory Investigation. 2025;105(6):100412.
9. Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models in Oncology: Hallucination Mitigation, Clinical Evaluation, and Safety Frameworks. NPJ Precision Oncology. 2026;10(2):45–58.
10. World Health Organization. Harmonization of Regulatory Approaches, Governance, and Performance Benchmarking for Artificial Intelligence in Health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024.
11. Image Biomarker Standardisation Initiative (IBSI): Standardised Feature Definitions and Extraction Protocols for Quantitative Radiomics. Radiology. 2020;295(2):328–338.
12. Reporting Guidelines for Clinical Trial Protocols and Reports for Interventions Involving Artificial Intelligence: SPIRIT-AI and CONSORT-AI Statements. Nature Medicine. 2020;26(9):1364–1374
2. World Health Organization. Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence for Health: Guidance on Large Multi-Modal Models. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024.
3. Machine Learning and AI for Cancer Research and Care: Applications Across Early Detection, Classification, Molecular Subtyping, and Computational Pathology. Cancer Cell International. 2026;26(1):114–132.
4. Artificial Intelligence for Precision Oncology: From High-Throughput Molecular Profiling to Prospective Clinical Translation. Oncogene & Precision Medicine. 2026;18(3):201–219.
5. Multi-Omics Data Integration via Deep Neural Frameworks in Precision Oncology: Genomics, Epigenomics, and Proteomics. Nature Reviews Cancer Systems. 2025;7(2):89–105.
6. Exploiting Multimodal Artificial Intelligence in Precision Oncology: Synthesizing Imaging, Genetics, and Clinical Trajectories. Lancet Digital Health. 2025;7(4):e289–e301.
7. Multimodal Machine Learning in Cancer Immunotherapy: Overcoming Limitations of PD-L1 and TMB Biomarkers. Journal of Clinical Oncology Precision Oncology. 2026;10(1):e250011.
Clinical Validation Frameworks for Whole-Slide Digital Pathology Artificial Intelligence: Diagnostic Concordance and Cross-Platform Standardization. Laboratory Investigation. 2025;105(6):100412.
9. Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models in Oncology: Hallucination Mitigation, Clinical Evaluation, and Safety Frameworks. NPJ Precision Oncology. 2026;10(2):45–58.
10. World Health Organization. Harmonization of Regulatory Approaches, Governance, and Performance Benchmarking for Artificial Intelligence in Health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024.
11. Image Biomarker Standardisation Initiative (IBSI): Standardised Feature Definitions and Extraction Protocols for Quantitative Radiomics. Radiology. 2020;295(2):328–338.
12. Reporting Guidelines for Clinical Trial Protocols and Reports for Interventions Involving Artificial Intelligence: SPIRIT-AI and CONSORT-AI Statements. Nature Medicine. 2020;26(9):1364–1374
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